Introduction Abdominal pain is amongst the most common medical problems in pediatric medicine.1Kaminski A, Kamper A, Thaler K, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD008013. Hence, in practice, the physician must be able to distinguish abdominal pain diagnoses requiring immediate attention from self-limiting processes. In fact, pediatric patients can be challenging, and, therefore, the clinician must rely on a detailed history from a parent or caregiver, in addition to a careful physical examination, in order to narrow the differential diagnosis.2Marin JR, Alpern ER. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2011;29(2):401-28, ix-x. Also, care providers should ask about parental gastrointestinal problems because this is a risk factor (moderate evidence) for persistence of chronic abdominal pain in children.3Gieteling MJ, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, van Leeuwen Y, et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2011;52(2):154-61. Chronic/recurrent abdominal pain in children: Functional cause more evident Chronic/recurrent abdominal pain is common among children and adolescents, affects about 10% of…
Antimicrobial resistance is a leading concern with infections related to the urinary tract such as acute uncomplicated cystitis; with few oral options available to treat infections caused by Gram-negative organisms resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones. In this context, guidelines (IDSA, Infectious Diseases Society of America; and ESMI, European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) recommend nitrofurantoin as an appropriate choice for therapy thanks to the minimal resistance seen with nitrofurantoin.1Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(5): 561-564. Also, ACOG - American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists - recommends nitrofurantoin as first-line agent for the treatment and prevention of UTIs in pregnancy.2American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(6):1484-5. Introduction Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common infectious diseases (Figure 1), and with its diverse clinical symptoms, remains one of the widely misunderstood and challenging infectious diseases encountered…
