Lower UTI - an overview Inflammation of the lower urinary tract is a frequent event in the population, wherein a urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most prominent identifiable cause in both general and specialist urology clinical practice.1-3Bjorling DE, Wang ZY, Bushman W. Neurourol Urodyn. 2011;30(5):673-82.Schmiemann G, Kniehl E, Gebhardt K, et al. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010;107(21):361-7.Ahmed SM, Swedlund SK. Am Fam Physician. 1998;57(7):1573-1580. UTIs are in fact considered to be the most common bacterial infections, affecting an estimated 150 million individuals annually; though, data on the true impact of UTIs in the developing world might be limited.4Renuart AJ, Goldfarb DM, Mokomane M, et al. Plos One 2013;8(3):e57776. The incidence of UTI increases with age.5Lutters M, Vogt-Ferrier NB. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16;(3):CD001535. ,6Sudha R, Pandian MR, Senthilkumar B. Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) 2013;2(1):57-62. Women are affected more than men for reasons related to anatomical differences…
Urinary incontinence - both men and women are affected Urinary incontinence - defined by the incontinence society as "the complaint of any involuntary urinary leakage" - is one of the most common chronic medical conditions seen in clinical practice.1Weiss BD. Am Fam Physician 2005;71:315-22, 329. The disease influences not only the physical health of the persons, but also their activities, emotional status, working capacity, and social communication.2Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, et al; Standardisation Subcommittee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2002;21(2):167-78. ,3Skaudickas D, Kévelaitis E. Medicina (Kaunas). 2010;46(7):496-503. Incidence of urinary incontinence increases with age, with women being twice more likely to be affected than men, because of anatomical differences in pelvic region and the changes induced by pregnancy and childbirth.4National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. NIH Publication No. 07-5280. June 2007. This gender variation however vanishes after 85 years of age when the prevalence becomes equal in…
