Prostate cancer: The rising burden and associated risk factors Development of cancer is associated with underlying genetic alterations, which endow the involved cell-lines with many of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis, such as selfsufficient proliferation and evasion of apoptosis.1Rakoff-Nahoum S. Why Cancer and Inflammation? 1. Yale J Biol Med. 2006 Dec;79(3-4):123-130. Cancer accounted for nearly 7.6 million deaths (around 13% of all deaths) globally in 2008, and nearly 0.63 million deaths are estimated to have occurred in India alone (Globocan 2008 and International Agency for Research on Cancer 2010).2D'Souza ND, Murthy NS, Aras RY. Projection of burden of 2. cancer mortality for India, 2011-2026. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(7):4387-92. Records of National cancer registries have indicated that India is witnessing a growing burden of cancer, with a rise in incidences of certain organ-specific malignancies, such as prostate, mouth, lung, and kidney, especially amongst the male population. Prostate cancer (PCa) is…
Introduction Urolithiasis, defined as the formation of stones or calculi in the urinary collecting system, represents the third most common urological disease after urinary infection and prostatic pathology. Calcium stones (calcium oxalate or phosphate) are believed to be the most common stone type. Other stone compositions include uric acid, struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), and other miscellaneous components such as cystine.1Chung C, Stern PJ, Dufton J. Urolithiasis presenting as right flank 1. pain: a case report. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 2013;57(1):69-75. 2Shekarriz B, Stoller MI. Metabolic evaluation of stone disease. 2. Brazilian Journal of Urology. 2001 Jan-Feb;27(1):10-18. Researchers suggest urolithiasis to be a fairly common disease in India. Estimates from the 2011 Indian census3Institute of Medicine (US). Facing the Reality of Drug-Resistant 3. Tuberculosis in India: Challenges and Potential Solutions: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine, the Indian National Science Academy, and the Indian Council…
