It is now a well-known fact that the gastrointestinal tract is in constant communication with the brain through a bidirectional construct, which is known as the “brain-gut axis”. This bi-directional axis is crucial for aintaining the gastrointestinal homeostasis, being regulated through diverse neural, endocrine and neuroimmunological pathways. In this brain-gut communication, autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the prime regulator, with mixed afferent and efferent components. At the peripheral end of this axis; there is enteric nervous system, located in the gut wall with a rich supply of sensory and motor nerves, which regulates local control of several intestinal functions. Neural inputs originating from the gut are relayed to brain through ANS, where they are integrated around several brain regions, including the hypothalamus, limbic system and the cerebral cortex. In response to the neural inputs, these organs induce modifications in the ANS signaling and changes in hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, thereby resulting in appropriate alteration in the gut function. In all, this bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain plays important role in maintaining the tate of homeostasis under normal physiological conditions.