Renal stone disease has been known as a very common disorder for centuries, and is increasingly prevalent even in recent times.1,2 Indeed, renal stone formation has become a global problem, which spares no geographical, cultural, or racial groups. Stone disease affect 5-15% of the population worldwide and are the third most common disorder of the urinary tract, preceded only by the urinary tract infections and prostate diseases. In India, almost 5-7 million individuals suffer from stone disease and at least 1/1000 of Indian population requires hospitalization due to renal calculi. Renal calculi are more common in adults compared to the elderly, and are the least common in pediatric population; the age of peak incidence ranges from 20 to 40 years. It is two to three times more common in men than in women, with a lifetime risk of about 12% in men and 6% in women.1,2,5 Lately, the male predominance of stone disease seems declining, and a new trend seems to be the increased incidence of stone formation in women. Renal calculi continue to be more common in men; however, the incidence rate ratio of men to women with urinary tract calculi has narrowed from 3.4 to 1.3…