Overview Urinary tract infection (UTI) is known as an inflammatory response to colonization of urinary tract by microbial pathogens; most commonly bacteria.1Parida S, Mishra SK. Urinary tract infections in the critical care unit: A brief review. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2013;17(6):370-374. These bacterial intruders or uropathogens intend to cause adhesions, and release toxins within the urinary tract giving rise to plenty of urinary and systemic signs and symptoms. The infection is found to be prevalent among men and women but it shows a predilection for women owing to their distinct anatomy and reproductive physiology. A variety of parameters tends to intensify the risk of UTI such as age, parity, gravidity, pregnancy and association of diseases contributing to the increased virulence and bacterial overload. It’s widespread prevalence also accounts for utilization of large amount of healthcare resources, imposing a huge financial constraint. 2Ronald A. The etiology of urinary tract infection:…
Hemorrhoids, defined as the symptomatic enlargement and distal displacement of the normal anal cushions, constitute one of the most common anorectal disorders.1Chen JS, You JF. Current status of surgical treatment for hemorrhoids–systematic review and meta-analysis. Chang Gung Med J. 2010;33(5):488-500. 2Yeo D, Tan K-Y. Hemorrhoidectomy - making sense of the surgical options. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(45):16976-16983. 3 Lohsiriwat V. Treatment of hemorrhoids: A coloproctologist’s view. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(31):9245-9252. Hemorrhoids are considered the fourth leading outpatient gastrointestinal diagnosis, with evidence of increasing prevalence over time.3 Lohsiriwat V. Treatment of hemorrhoids: A coloproctologist’s view. World J Gastroenterol.2015;21(31):9245-9252. 4 Cerato MM, Cerato NL, Passos P, et al. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids: A critical appraisal of the current options. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2014;27(1):66-70. 5 Sun Z, Migaly J. Review of Hemorrhoid Disease: Presentation and Management. Clin Colon Rectal Surg.2016;29(1):22-29. Available data suggest that the prevalence of hemorrhoidal disease could vary depending on the…
