Bush Beats Star Vol-10, No-2, 2025

Rhinitis can be caused by different triggers, including allergic triggers, non-allergic triggers, or a combination of both, known as mixed rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic disease caused by allergens, which can be of various types, such as dust, hay, pollen, mold, and animal hair. Allergens lead to mucosal inflammation and AR can present with both nasal and non-nasal symptoms.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the commonest infections encountered globally impacting 150 million individuals every year. UTIs can be uncomplicated or complicated, adversely affecting the patient's quality of life. Women are more prone to develop UTIs compared to men on account of various factors. Escherichia coli is the commonest organism known to cause UTI. Other pathogens include Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species.