Introduction Infertility is defined as failure to conceive even after at least 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Couples who meet the criteria of infertility but are actually capable of conceiving are sometimes termed 'subfertile'. Among the methods used to treat infertility is assisted reproductive technology(ART). ART is a general term referring to methods used to achievepregnancyby artificial or partially artificial means. ART was initially developed for patients with tubal infertility, but now it is used for almost all kinds of infertility problems because of higher success rates compared to conventional treatments.1 Indications of ART Tubal factor infertility Endometriosis Male factor infertility Unexplained infertility Ovarian failure and diminished ovarian reserve Pelvic malignancy Mullerian anomaly Genetic risk Ovarian stimulation in ART Many regimens are used for ovarian stimulation, e.g., natural cycle, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, human menopausal gonadotropin), and GnRH agonists and antagonists. Administration of…
Introduction Estrogen is probably the most widely known and discussed of all hormones. Contrary to popular belief, estrogen is not an exclusively female hormone, but is produced by both men and women. However, its role in men is not entirely clear.1 Estrogen is an essential part of a woman's reproductive processes. It performs the following tasks in women:2 Contributes to the development of secondary sex characteristics at the time of puberty Promotes cell growth, including signaling the growth of the blood-rich tissue of the uterus during the first part of the menstrual cycle Prepares the uterus for pregnancy by enriching and thickening the endometrium Stimulates the maturation of the egg-containing follicle in the ovary Softens the cervix and produces the right quality of vaginal secretion to allow the sperm to swim Lubricates the passage during intercourse Acts as a mood elevator and gives a feeling of well-being At menopause, the…
