Gastro Flash Vol-5, No-2, 2019

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one the most prevalent liver disorders worldwide. NAFLD refers to the significant fat accumulation of hepatocytes in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption or other causes of liver disease. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of liver conditions which range from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Available data suggests highly variable rates of NAFLD prevalence in the general population, with results ranging from 14% to 40%.1,2 NAFLD has been associated with an increased risk of death from malignancy or cardiovascular disease. When individuals present with the features of metabolic syndrome, such as overweight/ obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, it is reasonable to envisage the possibility of NAFLD. In fact, NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Additionally, ethnicity, obesity phenotype, reduced physical activity, and high-fat diets also act as significant risk factors for NAFLD

Hemorrhoids is defined as the symptomatic enlargement and/ or distal displacement of anal cushions, which are prominences of anal mucosa formed by loose connective tissue, smooth muscle, arterial and venous vessels.1 In India, it is one of the most common anorectal diseases that various general practitioners, general surgeons, and gastrointestinal surgeons come across in their daily practice.2 Although, it is speculated that about 50% of the population would have encountered hemorrhoids at some point in their life, the peak incidence of this condition appears to occur between the ages of 45-65 years. It is unusual to develop hemorrhoids before 20 years of age, and the risk is higher for whites than for blacks. Also, there is an increased risk of hemorrhoids associated with pregnancy, and an increased prevalence, in general, in females compared to males.