Human gastrointestinal system is home for approximately 100 trillion microorganisms, known as the gut microbiota (GM). GM is a complex, dynamic, and spatially heterogeneous ecosystem inhabited by a myriad of microorganisms interacting with each other and with the human host, including bacteria, fungi, archae, and viruses. GM, being metabolically active is associated with various functions, such as nutrition, immune development, and host defense; signifying the key role of GM in the maintenance of human health