Acute kidney injury (AKI) and sepsis are frequent complications in critical care patients. The incidence of AKI in adult ICU patients has been reported to range between 16 and 67%. In addition, a plethora of evidence points toward an increasing AKI incidence at a rate of 2.8% annually. Similar increases have also been observed in the pediatric population. This increased prevalence has been associated with consistently raised mortality and morbidity in adults and children. Likewise, the incidence of sepsis or septic shock, one of the common mediators of critical illness is high and continuously rising with an average annual increase of 13%. In fact, sepsis is considered to be the most common factor contributing to the development of AKI. About 26-50% of AKI cases are attributed to sepsis as compared to primary kidney disease which accounts for just 7-10% of cases.1 AKI incidence is reported to increase with sepsis severity. In a cohort of 315 patients, AKI incidence was shown to be 4.2% for sepsis, 22.7% for severe sepsis, and 52.8% for septic shock (Figure 1).