Nephro Flash
Nephro Flash 2022 › Nephro Flash Vol-8, No-1, 2022

Chronic Renal Failure and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Appraisal

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a myriad of direct negative effects on the cardiovascular system. The main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD are the cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death represent. The condition involves close linkage between heart and kidneys and also traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors. As per a well-established classification of cardiorenal syndrome, cardiovascular involvement in CKD is known as “type-4 cardiorenal syndrome” (chronic renocardiac syndrome).