Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are clinical manifestations of urinary dysfunction, commonly associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in adult men. These symptoms include nocturia, urgency, increased urinary frequency, weak urinary stream, and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying.
BPH is an age-related condition with a prevalence of approximately 25% in men aged 40–49 years, 50% in those aged 50–59 years, and up to 80% in men aged 70–79 years. Population studies further indicate that the prevalence of CKD rises with LUTS severity.