Pedia Flash Vol-6, No-1, 2020

Comprehending the problem
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the small intestine produced by the ingestion of dietary gluten products such as wheat, barley, and rye in genetically susceptible individuals.1,2 First described in 1888 by Samuel Gee, it was only in 1953 that the importance of gluten in the origin of this pathology was recognised.1 In the broad spectrum of varying etiologies of food intolerance, CD is a functionally determined food allergy which represents a distinct immune-mediated entity (Figure 1).

Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is a common disorder in children with prevalence rates ranging from 0.3– 19% in school-going children. Previously, functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) was the term commonly used interchangeably with functional abdominal pain syndrome (FAPS) or functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs), but the recent Rome IV criteria directs that FGID includes all chronic gastrointestinal issues of uncertain origin, including dyspepsia, cyclic vomiting, and others, as presented in table 1.3 FAPDs are now essentially a subgroup of FGIDs that includes four defined diagnoses, namely: Functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), abdominal migraine (AM), and functional abdominal pain— not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS).