Tuberculosis remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. This infection, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, afflicts both children and adults. Childhood tuberculosis accounts for about 10% of the disease burden globally. Children are particularly vulnerable to tuberculosis infection. Those in the younger age group are additionally at a higher risk of progression from infection to disease. Additionally, they are also susceptible to development of more severe form of the disease, including disseminated tuberculosis and tubercular meningitis, which accounts for high mortality rates in them. According to available data, untreated tuberculosis accounts for about 21.9% deaths in children, death rates increasing to 43.6% among children below 5 years of age. These mortality rates, though may be an understatement, as the cause of death in many children is often attributed to other disorders, such as pneumonia and malnutrition, due to overlap of symptoms with them. About 90% children after exposure develop latent tuberculosis infection. Signs and symptoms, when present, are often non-specific including prolonged fever (often in the evening), persistent cough, loss of weight, fatigue, and night sweats. About 20% children develop extra-pulmonary manifestations.