Prostate cancer: Rising burden Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide.1 It is primarily a disease of the elderly with majority of the cases occurring in men above 65 years of age.2 Growing age alone is presumed to increase the number of new cases and new deaths to 1.7 million and 4,99,000, respectively by 2030.3 However, the projected cases of prostate cancer all over India for 2020 is estimated as 30,185.4 Jain et al. reported a wide variation in annual percentage change of prostate cancer in various populationbased cancer registries of India, ranging from 3.4% in Bangalore to 11.6% in Kamrup District in Assam.3 Projected cases of prostate cancer in India are shown in Figure 1.3 The high incidence and mortality rates thus indicate the public health significance of this disorder. Prostate cancers have substantial economic impact, and utilize significant proportion of healthcare resources.