Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, and a leading cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Its prevalence increases with age, affecting up to 60% of men in their 60s and nearly 90% of those over 70. BPH involves histological changes, while benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) refers to the increased size of the prostate, often leading to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). This results from cell proliferation in the prostate’s transition zone, causing urethral compression and urinary issues. Treatment ranges from watchful waiting to medical and surgical interventions, with risk factors including age, genetics, and lifestyle factors such as obesity.