Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate and a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aging men. The prevalence of BPH increases with age, with histological evidence found in 50–60% of men in their 60s and up to 80–90% in those over 70 years.
Vitamin D and its analogs have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for LUTS, owing to their ability to inhibit growth factor signalling and reduce inflammation. Evidence suggests that increasing vitamin D intake through diet or supplements reduces prostate volume and the prevalence of BPH.