Nitrofurantoin (NF) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent derived from furan, containing a nitro group and a hydantoin side chain. It was first identified and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1953 for the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (UTIs). Several major clinical guidelines, including those from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), now recommend nitrofurantoin as a first-line agent for uncomplicated lower UTIs.